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Diabetes is a Chronic Disease 

Diabetes occurs when the body can’t make enough insulin or can’t use the insulin it does make properly, which causes high blood glucose levels. Yep, that’s right: diabetes is a chronic disease with your pancreas at its center. Because diabetes is a chronic disease, it’s not curable, but it can be managed—and Ramadan is an excellent opportunity to review your management plan! 

Remember to Test Blood Glucose Levels 

Remember to test your blood glucose levels before and after each meal and when you first wake up. Check your blood glucose levels often to ensure they are not too high or too low. 

Eat Slowly and Avoid Overeating 

Instead of eating large amounts of food, eat smaller portions and try to avoid overeating. Avoid processed foods (like pizza, white bread, etc.). These highly processed foods are high in calories and low in nutrients. Eat slowly, so your body has time to register that you are full. Try to eat a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables and fruits. Don’t eat too much at iftar or suhoor. Fill half your plate with vegetables and fruits, ¼ with whole grains, and ¼ with proteins such as beans or chicken breast. 

Drink Plenty of Fluids Throughout the Day 

Drink plenty of water. This is the most important tip during Ramadan. You need to drink at least two quarts (2 liters) of water a day, even if you’re not thirsty. It’s best to drink one glass every hour during the hours when you are able to eat and drink. Avoid caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea or drinks that have caffeine because they can make you more thirsty. Drink sugar-free drinks if possible, but avoid sugary beverages as they can change your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes. If you are taking diuretics, talk with your doctor about what is recommended for your fluid intake since those medications may further dehydrate your body. Drink lots of water before and after exercise so that your blood glucose level does not fall too low (hypoglycemia). 

Having diabetes during Ramadan can be challenging, but you can take steps to make it a little easier for yourself. With proper monitoring, preparation, and planning and a willingness to adhere to a few of your doctor’s recommendations, you should have no problem managing diabetes during these fasting days. Our Doctors are always here for you during this holy season. Additionally, we are offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan. 

Numerous studies have discovered that fasting can help you live longer, control your weight, improve your mood and concentration, increase your energy level, and improve the quality of your sleep. Among the numerous benefits of Ramadan fasting, we have included a few below. 

Reduces Hypertension 

A new study published in The American Journal of Medicine shows that short-term intermittent fasting can help reduce hypertension or high blood pressure. This study contributes to a growing body of research showing that intermittent fasting can help improve heart health and reduce the risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. 

Increases Brain Function 

Fasting has also been shown to have numerous brain benefits, such as higher levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). This protein helps regulate neurons’ growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival. NGF is essential for neurons’ growth and normal function in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Fasting also increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing brain cells and encourages the growth of new ones. Low levels of BDNF have been attributed to an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. 

Improves Body Composition 

Fasting has been known to improve body composition. This means it can reduce the percentage of body fat a person has while increasing their muscle mass and overall health. 

Fasting Reduces Cancer Risk 

It’s true! Fasting can help you reduce your risk of cancer. But how? Cancer cells cannot process ketones produced by the liver from fat and fatty acids when in a fasted state. Simply put, fasting helps starve cancer cells and makes them more susceptible to the body’s immune system. 

Stimulates Autophagy 

Fasting stimulates autophagy, which is the process by which cells and tissues recycle damaged components. It’s what allows your cells to renew themselves and survive without starving. Autophagy promotes longevity and helps prevent conditions associated with aging, including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. 

Lowers Inflammation 

Fasting lowers inflammation, which is a significant cause of aging. This is because fasting triggers changes in your gut microbiota. After fasting, the gut microbiome becomes richer in bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. 

Regulates Sleep Patterns 

Fasting has long been associated with healthy sleep. The first thing to know is that fasting does have an impact on your sleep—it can help regulate your circadian rhythm (your natural sleep cycle) and make it easier to fall asleep at night. 

Normalizes Ghrelin Levels 

Fasting normalizes ghrelin levels, a hormone responsible for hunger and the body’s response to fasting. This is important because fasting helps you lose weight without feeling excessively hungry, unlike many other diets. 

In brief, fasting during Ramadan is highly recommended as it helps with many health-related issues and gives numerous people great positive benefits. Our Doctors are always here to care for you during this holy season. Additionally, we are offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan. 

One of the best ways to break fast during Ramadan is with a full, healthy stomach. The holy month of Ramadan comes with many rewards, one of them being strengthening our spiritual bonds and being able to eat foods that are beneficial for you. Here are a few things that you can include in your meal plan, 

Low-Fat Yogurt 

Yogurt is the perfect healthy companion for Ramadan because it helps you keep going through your fast with its beneficial nutrients and helps prevent hunger pangs. It also has probiotics that help with indigestion, essential when eating large meals after a long day of fasting. 

Ramadan should be when you make healthy choices to benefit your body and mind. Therefore, it’s essential to opt for low-fat yogurt, as high-fat versions can slow down digestion and cause discomfort. 

Dates 

Dates are not just delicious and a source of energy, but they are also very rich in potassium. Dates are natural laxatives that can be enjoyed during Ramadan to help relieve constipation. They are also a good source of minerals and vitamins, which provides instant energy while you fast. Dates have long been known to be good for your heart and your bones. 

Dark Chocolate 

Dark chocolate contains antioxidants that help to reduce cell damage in our bodies. It is also a good source of iron, which helps your body produce healthy red blood cells and helps you feel energized. Dark chocolate is also a good source of magnesium, which can help with muscle cramps and spasms and lower blood pressure. 

Barley Water 

Barley water is a refreshing drink with many health benefits that you can enjoy during the holy month of Ramadan. Consider adding it to your meal plan for the following reasons: 

• low in calories (only 110 calories per serving) 
• improves digestion 
• high in fiber (5 grams per serving) 
• helps to prevent heart disease 
• may help regulate blood sugar (barley is a complex carbohydrate) 

• reduces blood pressure due to its potassium content 

Sesame Seeds 

One of the best foods you can eat during Ramadan is sesame seeds. Sesame seeds are not only rich in vitamin E, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc but also in protein and fiber. They’re considered a superfood for their antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory properties and their superior ability to help regulate blood sugar levels and aid heart health. 

Wholegrains 

You might be wondering what whole grains are exactly. Whole grains contain the entire grain seed, which is called the kernel. The kernel has three parts: 

• Bran-the protective layer of fiber on the outside 
• Germ-the reproductive part that is rich in nutrients 
• Endosperm-the starchy part that contains energy for the plant 

Pulses and Chickpeas 

Plain pulses and chickpeas are great sources of proteins. The good thing about consuming legumes is that they provide a wide range of nutrients, beneficial for our overall health. Let’s look at some pulses and chickpeas which can benefit you during Ramadan. 

• Pulses and Chickpeas Promote Heart Health: Pulses are high in dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium, which can help lower blood pressure and reduce LDL or “bad” cholesterol, therefore promoting heart health. 
• Beneficial for Weight Management: Fibre helps regulate bowel movements and prevents constipation by adding bulk to stool; thus, it helps maintain ideal body weight. 
• Rich in Antioxidants: Pulses contain flavonoids – antioxidants that fight free radicals in the body – which have anti-aging properties too. Chickpeas contain vitamin E and manganese, zinc, and selenium, all of which work together to protect the skin from sun damage (less bad skin days). 

Green Leafy Vegetables 

In Ramadan, you should take advantage of the wide variety of green leafy vegetables accessible to include in your diet. Green leafy vegetables are well known for their health benefits and nutritional value. They are low in calories and high in nutrients, especially when eaten raw. 

They contain essential vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and phytochemicals which make them beneficial for a healthy diet. 

Green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, lettuce, and Swiss chard are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron. Spinach is also a rich source of folic acid, while lettuce contains sodium and potassium, which help regulate blood pressure. Antioxidants that protect the body against free radicals are also present in green leafy vegetables, making them valuable additions to your Ramadan diet. 

Beans 

Beans are amazing food and a great source of nutrition. Beans also contain high fiber, which is important for your digestive system. Beans are a good source of iron, needed to make red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body and give you energy! Beans also have folate, B vitamins, and minerals such as magnesium and potassium. These nutrients help keep your heart healthy! 

Figs 

During Ramadan, make sure to eat figs as part of foods. The nutritional content ranges from 0.5 to 2 g protein/100g fresh fruit, 4 to 12% carbohydrate, 50 to 80% insoluble fiber and 0.2 to 1.7% soluble fiber. It’s known for its health benefits like the prevention of strokes and heart diseases and improves blood sugar levels and maintains oral health by killing bacteria in the mouth. The health benefits of figs include the following: 

• Helps maintain blood glucose levels. If you have high blood pressure, it is always a good idea to limit your salt intake. Figs are an excellent alternative for maintaining the balance of potassium and sodium in your body. The potassium is an excellent agent for controlling heart rate and blood pressure, while the sodium helps regulate the amount of water in your body. This balance can help prevent stroke and coronary heart disease; therefore, figs are especially beneficial during Ramadan when we fast during the day. This is when our bodies need as much nutrition as possible before Iftar. 
• It helps to keep you hydrated. Figs contain a large quantity of fiber (both soluble and insoluble) which enables digestion and keeps you full throughout the fasting hours by slowing down the digestion of other foods consumed at suhoor or Iftar so that they last longer without causing dehydration or low energy levels in your body. If you suffer from diarrhea or constipation, eating figs will help because they increase the production of bile acids, which then aid absorption into intestinal cells where nutrients are absorbed properly into our bloodstreams instead of being excreted wastefully due to lack of absorption through food particles such as rice which often causes diarrhea after consumption during meals at Suhoor time due to their high carbohydrate content. 

Garlic and Onion 

Garlic and onions are a must to include in the Ramadan foods. They’re usually always used in preparing Ramadan food for Iftar, but there’s a reason why: they are incredibly beneficial to our health. Their anti-inflammatory properties are also highly effective in treating arthritis and osteoarthritis because of the antioxidant compounds present in them. What’s more, the phytochemicals that are present in onions and garlic make them high sources of antioxidants, which help prevent the body from oxidative stress by neutralizing those pesky free radicals that we so often hear about. What makes garlic and onion such great fast foods is their ability to lower blood pressure because of their high concentration of allicin—a compound that dilates blood vessels while inhibiting angiotensin II. Onions and garlic also have bacterial properties that can fight staph infections, E-coli, salmonella, and yeast infections in women. 

Oats 

Oats are whole grains that are commonly consumed during the holy month of Ramadan as they can provide a range of health benefits. Oats contain more protein and fat than other grains, increasing their nutritional value. Additionally, oats are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, including thiamin, magnesium, and phosphorus. Oats are also a good source of fiber which helps lower cholesterol levels, aids in digestion, and controls weight. Hence it is one of the highly recommended Ramadan foods.

Olive Oil 

Olive oil competes with all other types of oil in terms of its nutritional value. It is rich in antioxidants, which help in weight loss and prevent skin aging and wrinkles. Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats, polyphenols, and phytosterols that possess several health benefits. People who regularly consume olive oil have a lower risk of developing high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and heart diseases. Olive oil helps balance the blood sugar levels, promotes a healthy digestion system, reduces inflammation within the body, and fights against various types of cancer. If you are on a weight loss diet, try consuming two teaspoons of extra virgin olive oil every day.

Ultimately, Ramadan is a time to find ways to live healthy while living up to the spirit of the holy month. We hope that this article about Ramadan foods has given you some food for thought on how you can be healthy and still keep up with the spirit of Ramadan. In Addition, Our Dieticians and Nutritionists are always there for you during this holy season and can develop individualized plans that suit your specific healthcare needs. We are also offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan.

What is Migraine?

Migraine is a neurological condition that causes painful headaches and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It is the third most prevalent illness globally, affecting one in every five women and fifteen men.

What are the Common Types of Migraine?

There are three common types: migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine. They generally last from 4 to 72 hours.

What is Migraine with Aura?

Migraine with an aura involves visual disturbances. This is the most common type and it affects up to a third of people. It can cause visual symptoms that range from blind spots to flashing lights to zig-zag patterns in your field of vision. Some people also have numbness or weakness that affects one side of the body, vertigo, or difficulty speaking. These symptoms usually start 5–20 minutes before the headache begins. It is called “complicated” because it comes with additional symptoms besides pain. For example, an individual may also experience nausea and sensitivity to light during an attack.

What is a Migraine without an Aura?

A migraine without an aura is a type that does not have the classic symptoms of visual disturbances known as an aura. These attacks often cause moderate to severe pain and may also cause nausea and vomiting.

What is Chronic Migraine?

If you have this condition, you have 15 or more headache days per month, with at least 8 of those days having a migraine quality. It significantly affects the lives of those who suffer from it. It’s not simply a headache—it’s a long-lasting, recurring condition that can be difficult to diagnose. It can significantly vary across patients.

What Happens in the Brain During Migraine?

The effect is different for different people. For some people, changes in the brainstem or its interactions with the trigeminal nerve—a major pain pathway—may be involved. For others, increased excitability of the cortex may play a role.

How Common are Migraines?

The attacks vary by person; some people have them frequently (several times each month), while others suffer less often (a few times per year).

The Impact of Ramadan on Migraine

During the blessed month of Ramadan, the frequency and severity of headache attacks in patients with migraine increases due to decreased water consumption, caffeine withdrawal, and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). In addition, disruption of the circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle), physical and psychological stress, and sudden cigarette smoking cessation are all essential factors that contribute to attacks. In severe cases, patients might not be able to tolerate fasting because of the worsening symptoms.

Furthermore, a lack of a nutritious diet during Iftar and Suhoor can contribute to migraine attacks. A heavy carbohydrate meal causes a rapid increase in insulin production, resulting in a drop in blood glucose levels below the normal range. This change in blood sugar levels causes a shift in our body’s homeostasis with hormonal changes, mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine. Ultimately, those changes result in a headache or even a migraine. A well-balanced, nutritious diet is recommended for healthy, migraine-free fasting in the holy month of Ramadan.

Here is What You Should Avoid While Fasting During Ramadan

A general piece of advice recommended for patients suffering from Migraine while fasting during the month of Ramadan is to avoid any stimulating factors. For example, patients should avoid bright lighting, loud sounds, physical and psychological stress, and other known stimulating factors. As well as having a regular sleep/wake cycle, reducing caffeine intake, and avoiding excessive smoking during the Iftar period.

How Physicians Can Help Patients Manage Migraine During Ramadan

The Neurolgists must educate and discuss the possibility of an increased chance of headache attacks during Ramadan. To avoid the attacks during Ramadan, physicians may provide health counseling and re-evaluate the treatment plan, including preventive medications, to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks.

Ramadan Tips for Migraine Patients

The physicians should also advise the patients on a healthy lifestyle, mainly to drink enough water during the time from Iftar to Suhoor. In addition, a well-balanced, healthy diet, with multiple meals at intervals, is recommended to improve the symptoms and increase energy levels during the fasting hours.

With this being said, remember that our experts are here to help you have a healthier fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Do not hesitate to visit our physicians when seeking health or medical advice.

Ramadan Kareem and Siam Maqbool!

Our Expert Neurologist

Dr. Atta Ghassan Al Khaznaji

Head of Neurology Department | Specialist Neurology

Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi

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Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, which results in some characteristic physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities. People with the condition have an increased risk of certain medical conditions such as congenital heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems, Alzheimer’s disease, childhood leukemia, and thyroid conditions. 

What are the Signs of Down Syndrome? 

There are many symptoms, but not all people display all of them. Common signs include, 

• Low muscle tone 
• Flat facial features 
• Small head size 
• Short neck 
• Coarse hair 
• Short stature 
• Small hands and feet 

How Common is Down Syndrome? 

According to the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, Down Syndrome is “the most frequently occurring chromosomal condition” and is found in 1 in 691 live births. That makes it the most common chromosomal condition. It occurs in all races, ethnicities, and genders worldwide. While it’s more common in older parents, it can happen to anyone. When you consider that almost 6 million worldwide have this condition, it becomes clear that having a child with Down Syndrome is far more common than many think. 

What Causes Down Syndrome? 

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. There are three types of Down Syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. 

In nondisjunction, there are three copies of chromosome 21 in every cell of the body instead of two. This is the most common form and accounts for 95% of cases. 

In translocation Down Syndrome, an extra copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome during cell division, resulting in extra genetic material from chromosome 21 being present in every cell. About 3% to 4% of people with Down Syndrome have this form. 

In mosaic Down Syndrome, some cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21 while other cells do not. Mosaic Down Syndrome is rare and accounts for 1% to 2% of all cases. 

How is Down Syndrome Diagnosed? 

Down Syndrome can be diagnosed before birth (prenatally) by Fetal Medicine experts or after a baby is born (postnatally) by Neonatologists. Most children with Down Syndrome are identified through prenatal screening because of the associated medical risks.  

A blood test called cell-free DNA screening (also called noninvasive prenatal testing or NIPT) can be done as early as ten weeks of pregnancy. The results are typically fast and accurate. Because this test looks only for Down Syndrome, it is important to confirm any positive results with an additional test, such as an ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). 

Ultrasound, may be performed during the second trimester of pregnancy (15–20 weeks) to evaluate the fetus for congenital disabilities. 

The tests used also include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), and noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). 

Amniocentesis: This test involves removing amniotic fluid from the womb using a needle inserted through the woman’s abdomen. Amniotic fluid contains cells from the unborn baby and is examined.  

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Cells are removed from tiny fingerlike projections of tissue on the edge of the placenta called chorionic villi and examined.  

Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS): A small amount of blood is removed from the umbilical cord and examined.  

How is Down Syndrome Treated? 

It is a genetic condition that causes intellectual and developmental delays. The average IQ of a young adult with Down Syndrome is 50; the range of potential IQ is quite large. They can live healthy, happy lives. Also, the life expectancy for people with the condition has increased dramatically in recent decades—from 25 in 1983 to 60 today. The symptoms vary widely from person to person.  

While there is no cure, people can live healthy and fulfilling lives through current treatment options such as speech therapy and occupational therapy. They can attend school, work, participate in important decisions, and contribute to society in a variety of wonderful ways. 

As you read this, a growing number of people are stepping out and contributing their voices to help raise worldwide awareness. We’re here to provide you with the tools and assistance you need throughout your life journey. 

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, typically in the lower leg or thigh. The clot can move through your body and block your blood vessels, leading to serious medical conditions, including pulmonary embolism (PE), heart attack, or stroke. 

What Causes DVT? 

Deep vein thrombosis is caused by a blood clot. It occurs when a clot forms in the deep veins, which are found deep within the body. Inactivity is one of the most common causes of DVT.  

Your blood doesn’t flow very well when you don’t move around. Your muscles are not contracting when you are sitting still or lying down, so your blood flow is sluggish. Any injury to the vein wall (even a small one) can cause scarring, leading to clots forming more easily. A clot makes it even harder for the blood to flow properly, leading to further problems with circulation.  

Other causes of DVT include injuries and surgery, especially surgeries that require long periods of inactivity like hip replacement or knee replacement surgery. Aging increases the likelihood of getting DVT because as people age, they usually become less active and have more medical conditions that can increase their risk of developing clots. 

People who have had previous episodes of DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE) or have a family history of these conditions are at higher risk of getting them again. 

Those who smoke and are overweight also increase their chances of developing clots. 

What are the Symptoms of DVT? 

Symptoms of DVT include,  

• Swelling: One of the most common symptoms, swelling may only occur in one leg. 
• Warm Skin: Skin that’s warm to the touch may indicate circulation problems in your legs. 
• Discoloration: Your legs may appear reddish or bluish. 
• Pain or tenderness: You might experience pain or tenderness in your calves and/or thighs. 
• Cramps, itchiness, and throbbing veins are also common symptoms of DVT. 

But it’s important to note that many people with Deep Vein Thrombosis don’t experience any symptoms. 

How is DVT Diagnosed? 

A Vascular Surgeon diagnoses DVT by examining the legs, a blood test, and an ultrasound. If the physician suspects DVT in a patient, they will first examine the legs for signs of pain, swelling, or warmth. They may also ask about symptoms such as redness of the skin or veins that are tender to the touch.  

If the physical examination is suspicious of DVT, the doctor will order blood tests. These blood tests measure a substance found in high levels when blood clots are present. The selection of appropriate tests depends on the patient’s age, risk factors, clinical presentation, and suspected type of thrombus (blood clot). The following tests may be used: 

D-Dimer Test: This blood test can detect fragments of DNA released by dead blood clots. 

Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) are blood clotting tests. 

Elevated D-dimer levels, as well as abnormal results from the PT and APTT tests, help to confirm the presence of DVT. 

Ultrasound Imaging can also help to rule out DVT in many cases. For example, if a person has lower leg pain, swelling, or redness but their D-dimer level is normal, they likely do not have a blood clot in their leg. However, if the D-dimer level suggests a blood clot might present, an ultrasound scan could be used to confirm this suspicion. 

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV): Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Magnetic Resonance Venography (MRV) — MRI produces a detailed image of blood vessels and soft tissues. An MRI scan may be ordered when other tests are inconclusive. MRV is an MRI test that uses a contrast agent to produce more detailed images of blood vessels in the leg. 

Computed Tomography (CT) scan is a series of X-rays that provide detailed pictures of your blood vessels and organs. Your doctor may use a CT scan to help diagnose or rule out DVT. Your doctor may also want to check for complications of DVT, such as pulmonary embolism. 

How is DVT Treated? 

The primary goal of treating a DVT is to stop the clot from getting bigger and prevent the clot from breaking off and traveling to the lungs, where it can cause a life-threatening condition known as a pulmonary embolism (PE). Treatment for a DVT includes medications, lifestyle changes, and/or interventional procedures. 

Medications: 

Your doctor may prescribe anticoagulants (blood thinners) which help keep clots from getting bigger. They also prevent new clots from forming. Thrombolytics are “clot busters.” These medicines help dissolve blood clots. 

Lifestyle Changes: 

Elevate Your Leg. Using pillows, raise your leg above the level of your heart while lying down, if you can. This slows blood flow back to your leg veins, decreasing swelling and pain. 

Wear Compression Stockings or Socks. These garments squeeze on your legs to reduce swelling and pain and improve circulation. Ask your doctor when you should wear them and for how long. Compression stockings come in different sizes, lengths, and strengths (also called compression levels). Your doctor will tell you which type you should get. 

Interventional Procedures:  

Some of the interventional procedures for patients with a Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) include,  

• Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis: Using a catheter, doctors dissolve the clot with medication. 
• Catheter-Directed Mechanical Thrombectomy: Doctors use a catheter to physically remove the clot. 
• Thrombus Fragmentation: Doctors fragment the clot into smaller pieces that can be absorbed by the body more easily. 
• Stent Grafting: Doctors place a stent-graft into the vein to keep it open and prevent future clots from forming. 
• Vena Cava Filters: This procedure places a filter in the inferior vena cava, a large vein that carries blood back to the heart from the lower half of the body. 

Deep Vein Thrombosis is a dangerous condition that can leave you with severe, long-term health problems if left untreated. Understanding the symptoms and treatments associated with the condition is vital to recovery. Our expert Vascular Surgeons are here to discuss your options and find the right solution for you. 

What is Colorectal Cancer? 

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women. The cause of colorectal cancer is unknown, but it appears to be related to dietary factors and sedentary lifestyles.

Colorectal cancer begins as a benign tumor called a polyp that forms in the colon or rectum. Over time, these polyps can become cancerous, spreading to nearby organs or lymph nodes and eventually becoming metastatic—spreading to other parts of the body. 

There are two types of colorectal cancers:

Adenocarcinoma, which affects the inner lining of the colon or rectum 

Carcinoid Tumors, which are much less common and slow-growing 

How do You Know if you Have Colorectal Cancer? 

Most people who get colorectal cancer are over 50, but younger people can get it too, so it’s important to know the signs and symptoms.

The most common sign of colorectal cancer is blood in your stool. Blood may appear red or black, but even a small amount of blood mixed with your stool can be a warning sign. You might notice blood on the toilet paper, on the toilet bowl after you flush, or even drops of blood in your toilet bowl after you finish going to the bathroom. Blood mixed with stool changes its appearance—it may look black or tarry, or it may look like coffee grounds. If your stool looks this way, even just once, see a Gastroenterologist right away so they can run tests and find out what is causing it. Other signs include rectal pain, abdominal pain or discomfort (such as bloating), unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel movements over time (diarrhea, constipation), anemia (low red blood cell count due to bleeding from inside of the body) 

Who Should Get Screened for Colorectal Cancer? 

The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 50. This includes colonoscopies every 10 years, flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years, or a combination of both as recommended by your gastroenterologist. If you are between 45 and 49 and have a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, talk to your doctor about possibly starting screening earlier. If you have a higher risk for colorectal cancer because of a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer, talk to your doctor about whether to begin screening before age 50, how often to get screened, and what type of test is right for you. 

How is it Treated? 

Colorectal Cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer and how far it has spread. Treatment may include a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy. 

Surgery is the most common treatment for Colorectal Cancer. A Gastrointestinal Surgeon removes cancer, along with some of the healthy tissue around it—called a margin—and lymph nodes near the tumor site. This surgery is called resection. The surgeon usually reconnects your colon in a procedure called anastomosis. If this isn’t possible, you may need to have an ostomy, where a bag collects stool as it passes through a new opening in your body, often in your abdomen. 

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from dividing. It’s given after surgery to lower the risk that cancer will return or spread to other parts of your body, but sometimes it can be given at the same time as surgery or before surgery if you aren’t a candidate for surgery due to other health conditions or if there’s little chance of removing all of the cancer with surgery. 

Radiation Therapy uses high-powered energy beams to kill cancer cells. It’s only used for rectal cancers and, in some cases, after surgery for Colon Cancers at higher risk of coming back (recurring). This treatment is often combined with chemotherapy. 

Immunotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses certain parts of a patient’s immune system to fight cancer cells. The basic premise of immunotherapy is to encourage the body’s own immune system to recognize, target, and destroy cancer cells. Because the immune system has specific ways of recognizing normal, healthy cells in the body, it can identify and attack irregular, foreign cells—such as mutated cancer cells. So far, immunotherapies have been shown to be effective against several types of cancers. Colon Cancer is one particular type of cancer for which immunotherapy appears to be showing promise. 

Colon cancer is a terrible disease that affects millions of people worldwide. We are proud to bring you a special GI Cancer Screening Package and other Cancer Screening Packages. Take control of your life today by taking advantage of this opportunity. Please contact one of our Cancer Experts if you have any questions, because every minute matters when it comes to fighting cancer. 

Brain Tumors are an abnormal growth of cells in the brain’s tissues. They can be benign, not cancerous, or malignant, meaning cancerous.  

There are two main types of brain tumors—primary brain tumors and metastatic brain tumors. The main difference between the two is where they originate from. Primary brain tumors start in the brain, and metastatic brain tumors form in other parts of the body and then spread to the brain.

According to the American Cancer Society, primary brain tumors are far less common than secondary brain tumors, accounting for about 2 percent of all cancers. 

Brain Tumors are categorized by the type of cells from which they develop. 

Gliomas: These tumors develop from glial cells, which support the nerve cells in the brain. About 80% of primary brain tumors are gliomas. Gliomas are classified as astrocytoma, ependymoma, or oligodendroglioma, based on the specific type of glial cell involved. 

Meningiomas: These tumors develop in the tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). Meningiomas are usually benign (noncancerous). 

Pituitary Adenomas: These tumors usually occur in the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain that makes hormones that control other glands and many body functions. Most pituitary adenomas are benign (noncancerous). 

Schwannomas: These tumors form in Schwann cells, which make up the protective sheath (myelin) around specific nerves. Schwannomas most often involve nerves that control balance and hearing. 

Lymphomas: This is an uncommon type of Tumor that involves immune system cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes can collect in any part of the body, including the brain. 

What are the Symptoms of Brain Tumors? 

All brain tumors are severe and can cause severe symptoms. The symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s location, size, the rate at which it is growing, and whether it spreads to other parts of the brain or spinal cord. The most common symptoms include changes in memory or concentration, speech problems, personality or behavior changes, vision problems, hearing problems, loss of balance, numbness or tingling in arms or legs, seizures, severe headaches, and nausea. 

What Causes Brain Tumors? 

Brain tumors are often caused by the uncontrolled growth of mutated cells that grow out of control and form into a mass. They can occur anywhere in the brain, including the skull, skull base, or spinal cord. 

The exact cause of brain tumors is still unknown, and there is no clear way to prevent their development. What we do know, however, is that they are linked to certain risk factors, including, 

Age. They are most common among older adults—but they can affect people of all ages. 

Gender. Men are more likely than women to develop a Brain Tumor. 

Exposure to Radiation 

Exposure to Certain Chemicals, agricultural pesticides, or herbicides 

Certain genetic syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1, can increase a person’s risk of developing certain types of brain cancer. Additionally, if siblings or parents have had brain tumors, the affected individual’s children may be at greater risk of developing one. 

How Does a Doctor Diagnose Brain Tumors? 

Your doctor may suspect that you have a brain tumor if you are experiencing various symptoms such as headaches, seizures, weakness in your muscles, or loss of vision. The first step is for a Neurologist or a Neurosurgeon to take your medical history and perform a physical exam. They will likely check your reflexes, vision, strength, and other bodily functions during the exam. After this initial assessment is complete, they may order several tests that can include, 

• Computed Tomography (CT) Scan 
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan 
• Biopsy  
• Cerebral Angiogram 

What are the Treatments Available? 

Treatment options depend on the type of tumor, its location in the brain, and its stage. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. 

Surgery is the most common treatment for noncancerous (benign) and cancerous brain tumors. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Brain tumor surgery may also be used to reduce symptoms such as seizures or headaches by removing part of the tumorous tissue. We are equipped with Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (iMRI), a technology to obtain accurate pictures of the brain that guide our neurosurgeons in removing them and treating other conditions such as epilepsy. 

Radiation Therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Radiation can come from a machine outside the body (external beam radiation) or from giving radioactive material from inside the body (internal radiation). Both types of radiation may be used to treat a Brain Tumor. Our hospital is equipped with Versa HD with HDRS that delivers SBRT/SRS treatment in a standard 15-minute timeslot and allows our experts to perform single isocenter high-definition dynamic radiosurgery (HDRS) for treating brain cancers.  

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill tumor cells or stop them from dividing into new cells. Chemotherapy drugs may be given directly into a vein or artery in the brain (intra-arterial chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is sometimes used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells that are too small for doctors to see on scans or under a microscope. 

It is a challenging disease to treat due to the complex makeup of the brain. It is imperative that you seek out the right treatment program to help with the long-term goals of remission and eventually cure. It is essential to understand how the brain tumor has progressed so that you can know what specific treatment options are available for this condition. Our highly experienced Neurologists, Neurosurgeons, Oncologists, Radiologists, and multidisciplinary team of experts is equipped with advanced technology to provide personalized treatment to all our patients.

What is Sleep Apnea? At some point, you’ve probably heard that a good night’s rest is important for your health and wellbeing. But how much sleep do you really need? And are there other benefits to getting enough sleep? Let’s talk about it. 

How Much Sleep Do I Need? 

An adult needs 7-9 hours of sleep per night. Depending on the individual, you may need more or less. On the other hand, a newborn infant can spend up to 18 hours asleep! 

Why Is Sleep So Important? 

Sleep helps your body perform well-functioning daily activities. When you don’t get enough sleep, you feel tired, and your body does not work as well as it could. Your brain doesn’t function at its peak either. After several days of not getting enough sleep, your brain shows signs of permanent damage and may even stop working entirely if the deprivation continues long enough. Additionally, lack of sleep contributes to depression and anxiety because it makes people irritable and unhappy. 

What Are Some Reasons Why People Don’t Get Enough Sleep? 

There are many different reasons why people don’t get enough sleep at night. Anyone who’s had a stormy night’s sleep knows how miserable it can feel to face the next day. You drag yourself through work and yawn your way through dinner, wishing you could go back to bed. But all that exhaustion comes with another, less obvious downside: a higher risk of health problems. 

If you’re not sleeping well or experiencing disrupted sleep patterns, you’re at increased risk of developing heart disease, obesity, and diabetes—all of which have serious health consequences in their own right. 

What Is Sleep Apnea? 

Sleep Apnea is a common sleep disorder that affects more than 1 in 4 adults. It occurs when the muscles in your airway relax and block your airways, which can cause you to stop breathing for 10 seconds (or longer) at a time. In severe cases, this can occur up to 400 times per night. While we sleep, our body systems slow down, so you might not notice the effects of sleep apnea right away. But if left untreated, it can have serious health consequences. 

Symptoms of Sleep Apnea 

It’s common for people to be unaware of their condition. This is because many symptoms occur during sleep when you cannot observe them directly. For example, a partner may notice that you snore loudly and gasp or choke during sleep.

Other common symptoms include, 

• Morning headaches 
• Difficulty staying asleep 
• Difficulty concentrating 
• Daytime fatigue and moodiness 
• Dry mouth or sore throat upon waking up 

Types of Sleep Apnea 

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). This is the most common type— about 80% of sleep apnea cases are OSA. In this kind of Sleep Apnea, the airway is blocked or partially blocked, preventing air from moving into and out of the lungs. 

Central Sleep Apnea (CSA). In this type of sleep apnea, the brain does not send signals to the muscles that control breathing, so there is no effort to breathe for a while. 

Mixed or Complex Sleep Apnea. This is a combination of both obstructive and central sleep apnea. 

How is Sleep Apnea Diagnosed? 

It is diagnosed with an overnight sleep study or a home sleep test. An overnight sleep study, or polysomnogram (PSG), is the most common way to diagnose sleep apnea. This test is performed in a sleep lab or at home and monitors your breathing, brain waves, oxygen levels, leg movements, and heart rate while you sleep. 

In some cases, the results of the PSG may show mild or moderate OSA even though a person has severe symptoms. This is because of the limited number of hours that are monitored during this test. 

The Home Sleep Test (HST) allows you to be monitored for as long as you would normally sleep at night. The HST also monitors your breathing and oxygen level during sleep. The HST is more convenient than an overnight PSG because it can be done in your own home, but the results are not always as accurate as an overnight PSG and may need to be confirmed with another test. Consult our Sleep Specialists to schedule your sleep study. 

How is it Treated? 

There are three main types of treatments for sleep apnea: lifestyle changes, devices, and surgery to help with breathing during sleep. 

Lifestyle Changes: Losing weight is the most common lifestyle change needed to treat sleep apnea. Other changes include adjusting your sleeping position and cutting back on alcohol, caffeine, or smoking. Your doctor may also recommend eating foods that are high in protein and low in carbohydrates. This can help you get better sleep overall, but it’s not a cure.. 

Devices: There are several devices designed to help people with mild or moderate sleep apnea breathe more easily during the night. These include a CPAP machine or continuous positive airway pressure that uses a mask to blow pressurized air into your airway to help keep it open. 

Surgery may be an option if other treatments don’t help. Surgery can also be used to help treat sleep apnea. The most common surgeries are uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), tracheotomy, and tongue reduction. 

Our multidisciplinary team of expert Neurologists, Pulmonologists, ENT Specialists, Bariatric Surgeons, and Nutritionists can discuss your sleep disorder and help you determine the best course of treatment for a good night’s sleep. 

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the ovaries. The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They have two main functions:

• To produce eggs (ova) for reproduction.
• To produce female hormones called estrogen and progesterone.

Ovarian cancer most often begins in the outer lining of one or both ovaries (called the epithelium). It can also start in the fallopian tubes or egg sacs attached to the ovaries. Cancers that begin in these cells are called epithelial ovarian cancers.

Cancer can also begin in the hormone-producing tissue of the ovary. This is called stromal ovarian cancer. Stromal cancers are not very common. Cancer that starts in other parts of the body, such as the breast or bowel, can spread (metastasize) to the ovary. These cancers are not classified as ovarian cancer but rather by where they began in the body.

The symptoms are often hard to detect, especially early on. It’s a sneaky disease that can be hard to catch until it’s already advanced. That’s why it’s so important to know what to look for, which we’ve outlined below. If you have any of the listed symptoms, you must immediately consult your Gynecologist

Bloating in Your Abdomen

Bloating in your abdomen can be a common symptom that may not cause worry. But if it’s a new symptom for you, or if it’s persistent and severe, it could be a sign of ovarian cancer. If you’re experiencing bloating, along with other symptoms, such as pelvic pain or difficulty eating, make an appointment with your doctor to find out the cause.

Pressure in Your Lower Back or Pelvic Area

If you’re experiencing pressure or pain in your lower back or pelvic area, it could be a symptom of ovarian cancer. It occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow out of control, forming a tumor that can cause pain and pressure in the lower back and pelvic area.

Feeling Full Quickly When Eating

If you feel full while eating a small quantity of food or aren’t able to eat as much as you used to, it could be a sign of ovarian cancer.

Unexplained Weight Loss and/or Gain

Unexplained weight loss or gain, can occur rapidly and with little to no effort. While non-cancerous conditions can cause unexplained weight changes, it is crucial to speak with a Gynecologist or Oncologist if you experience sudden changes in your weight.

Changes in Bowel Movements or Bladder Function

Changes in bladder or bowel habits such as needing to urinate more frequently, having a more challenging time starting your stream or emptying your bladder, constipation, black, tarry stools, or blood in your stool can be a sign of ovarian cancer.

Pain During Intercourse

Pain during intercourse, also called dyspareunia, can be a sign of ovarian cancer. If you’ve given birth or are preparing for menopause and notice pain during intercourse, make a trip to your Gynecologist to receive a further examination.

Vaginal Bleeding Between Periods, After Menopause, or After Sex

While many symptoms of ovarian cancer are subtle and nonspecific, it is essential not to ignore them. Vaginal bleeding between periods, following menopause, or after sex may be a warning sign of ovarian cancer. Other conditions may cause these symptoms; however, it is essential to discuss these with your Gynecologist if they persist.

Regular Screenings Can Save Lives

We all know that the best way to treat cancer is to catch it early and focus on prevention. There is no standard screening test for ovarian cancer. Most women are diagnosed with the disease after symptoms have appeared, which often don’t appear until cancer has advanced. Still, some tests may help find it early. These include:

Pelvic Exam. Your doctor manually feels (palpates) your reproductive organs during a pelvic exam to look for any abnormalities.

Transvaginal Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves to create a picture of your ovaries and uterus. A wand-like device called a transducer is inserted into your vagina and used to bounce high-frequency sound waves off internal tissues or organs and make echoes. The echoes form a picture of body tissues called a sonogram.

Blood Tests. Your doctor may check levels of tumor markers such as CA-125, hCG, and AFP in your blood if you have symptoms. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or other cells in your body in response to cancer.

It is one of the deadliest cancers affecting women. It’s responsible for more deaths than any other gynecological cancer. The problem? Most women don’t know they have it until it’s too late, making early detection and treatment crucial to increasing survival rates.

Fortunately, we have you covered with our Comprehensive Cancer Screening Packages for Women to make sure you catch cancers as early as possible.

Schedule an appointment with our Obstetrics & Gynecologists to talk about your risk factors for ovarian cancer or other gynecological cancers and how often you should get tested.